In eighth grade English Language Arts, students engage in discourse about literature and nonfiction as well as topics of current concern and interest. Students are read short fiction and novels that relate to tolerance, mythology, and Shakespeare’s works. Teachers and students select from a list of core titles and independent reading books (IRBs). Students learn the tools and strategies necessary to become more sophisticated independent readers while using self-selected and teacher-guided materials. Teachers and students use language for a variety of purposes, including various types of writing: literary analysis, explanatory, argumentative research, and narrative. Students practice the writing process with emphasis on revisions for content and editing for style to produce well-crafted writing. Writing assignments, including those related to reading selections, reinforce the learning and application of new vocabulary. Students increase their vocabulary, improve comprehension skills, enhance literary responses, and develop an appreciation for fiction and nonfiction texts. Furthermore, during collaborative classroom instruction, students learn to articulate their academic knowledge and skills using a variety of modalities including written responses, public speaking, and electronic media. Students grow intellectually, socially, and emotionally as they consider universal themes, diverse cultures and perspectives, as well as common aspects of human existence.